Referir conjugation chart
Referir present tense
presente · I speak
| yo | I refer | |
|---|---|---|
| tú | you refer | |
| vos | you refer | |
| él, ella, usted | he/she refers | |
| nosotros | we refer | |
| vosotros | you all refer | |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | they refer |
The highlighted forms change their stem. Notice that nosotros, vosotros and vos stay out: draw a line around the forms that change and you get a boot, which is why these are called “boot verbs.”
Referir preterite
pretérito · I spoke
| yo | I referred | |
|---|---|---|
| tú | you referred | |
| vos | you referred | |
| él, ella, usted | he/she referred | |
| nosotros | we referred | |
| vosotros | you all referred | |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | they referred |
Irregular in él/ella/usted and ellos/ustedes (in red): refirió, refirieron…; the other forms are regular.
Referir imperfect
pretérito imperfecto · I used to speak
| yo | I used to refer | |
|---|---|---|
| tú | you used to refer | |
| vos | you used to refer | |
| él, ella, usted | he/she used to refer | |
| nosotros | we used to refer | |
| vosotros | you all used to refer | |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | they used to refer |
Regular: same endings as vivir.
Referir future
futuro · I will speak
| yo | I will refer | |
|---|---|---|
| tú | you will refer | |
| vos | you will refer | |
| él, ella, usted | he/she will refer | |
| nosotros | we will refer | |
| vosotros | you all will refer | |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | they will refer |
Regular: same endings as vivir.
Referir conditional
condicional · I would speak
| yo | I would refer | |
|---|---|---|
| tú | you would refer | |
| vos | you would refer | |
| él, ella, usted | he/she would refer | |
| nosotros | we would refer | |
| vosotros | you all would refer | |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | they would refer |
Regular: same endings as vivir.
Referir present subjunctive
presente de subjuntivo · that I speak
| yo | that I refer | |
|---|---|---|
| tú | that you refer | |
| vos | that you refer | |
| él, ella, usted | that he/she refer | |
| nosotros | that we refer | |
| vosotros | that you all refer | |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | that they refer |
Irregular stem refi- + -era, -eras, -ramos, -ráis, -eran.
Referir imperfect subjunctive
imperfecto de subjuntivo · if I spoke
| yo | if I referred | |
|---|---|---|
| tú | if you referred | |
| vos | if you referred | |
| él, ella, usted | if he/she referred | |
| nosotros | if we referred | |
| vosotros | if you all referred | |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | if they referred |
Irregular stem refiri- + -era, -eras, -éramos, -erais, -eran.
In the subjunctive, vos takes the same form as tú in careful speech. The imperfect subjunctive also has an -se form (refiriese), more common in writing.
Referir affirmative commands
imperativo · speak!
| tú | refer! | |
|---|---|---|
| vos | refer! | |
| usted | refer! | |
| nosotros | let's refer! | |
| vosotros | refer! | |
| ustedes | refer! |
The tú form is the él form of the present: refiere. Usted, nosotros and ustedes come from the present subjunctive (refiera, refiramos, refieran).
Referir negative commands
imperativo negativo · don't speak!
| tú | don't refer! | |
|---|---|---|
| vos | don't refer! | |
| usted | don't refer! | |
| nosotros | let's not refer! | |
| vosotros | don't refer! | |
| ustedes | don't refer! |
Built from the present subjunctive: no + refieras, refiera…
Always the verb haber + the past participle referido, which never changes.
Referir present perfect
pretérito perfecto · I have spoken
| yo | he referido |
|---|---|
| tú | has referido |
| vos | has referido |
| él, ella, usted | ha referido |
| nosotros | hemos referido |
| vosotros | habéis referido |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | han referido |
Referir pluperfect
pluscuamperfecto · I had spoken
| yo | había referido |
|---|---|
| tú | habías referido |
| vos | habías referido |
| él, ella, usted | había referido |
| nosotros | habíamos referido |
| vosotros | habíais referido |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | habían referido |
Referir future perfect
futuro perfecto · I will have spoken
| yo | habré referido |
|---|---|
| tú | habrás referido |
| vos | habrás referido |
| él, ella, usted | habrá referido |
| nosotros | habremos referido |
| vosotros | habréis referido |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | habrán referido |
Referir conditional perfect
condicional perfecto · I would have spoken
| yo | habría referido |
|---|---|
| tú | habrías referido |
| vos | habrías referido |
| él, ella, usted | habría referido |
| nosotros | habríamos referido |
| vosotros | habríais referido |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | habrían referido |
Referir present perfect subjunctive
pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo · that I have spoken
| yo | haya referido |
|---|---|
| tú | hayas referido |
| vos | hayas referido |
| él, ella, usted | haya referido |
| nosotros | hayamos referido |
| vosotros | hayáis referido |
| ellos, ellas, ustedes | hayan referido |
In Latin America, ustedes is the only “you all”; vosotros is used only in Spain. Vos is used in Argentina, Uruguay and much of Central America. Uncheck the boxes above to hide what you don’t need.
Practice referir
Type the right form and press Enter. A missing accent still counts, but I'll point it out.
Verbs like referir
Stem change e → ie (referir → refieres). Same pattern:
tener tienesquerer quieresvenir vienespensar piensasempezar empiezascomenzar comienzascerrar cierrasentender entiendes